The Dictionary

DEX Aggregator

A DEX aggregator is a protocol or service that sources liquidity from multiple decentralized exchanges and routes a user’s trade across the best available pools or paths to achieve optimal price and minimal slippage.

Double Spending

Double spending is an attempt to spend the same cryptocurrency more than once.

Dust Attack

A dust attack is the deliberate sending of tiny token amounts ("dust") to many wallet addresses, typically used to deanonymize users, link addresses, or trick them into interacting with malicious contracts when they try to "clean up" or move the dust.

DYOR

DYOR means Do Your Own Research. It is a reminder that every trader and investor should investigate a project, market, or trade idea independently before committing capital.

ERC-4337

ERC-4337 is the Ethereum standard that enables account abstraction without requiring changes to the base protocol. It defines how smart contract wallets can submit transactions through a new infrastructure layer — UserOperations, bundlers, EntryPoint contracts, and paymasters — rather than relying on traditional Externally Owned Accounts

ERC-6551

ERC-6551 (Token-Bound Account) ERC-6551 is an Ethereum standard that gives every ERC-721 NFT its own smart contract wallet. The NFT becomes the owner of an account that can hold tokens, sign transactions, and interact with dApps — making the NFT itself a portable, on-chain identity and asset container.

EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine)

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a decentralized computation engine that executes smart contracts on the Ethereum network.

EVM Compatibility

EVM compatibility means a blockchain can execute smart contracts written for the Ethereum Virtual Machine (using Solidity/Vyper) with little or no code changes, supporting the same opcodes, standards (ERC-20, etc.), and tooling.

Exploit

An exploit is when someone uses a weakness in code, design, or security to gain unauthorized value.

Fakeout (False Breakout)

A fakeout is a false breakout where price briefly moves beyond a key level and then reverses.

Farcaster Frames

Farcaster Frames are interactive mini-applications that render inside posts on the Farcaster social network. A frame can show a user interface — buttons, inputs, images — and execute on-chain transactions (mints, swaps, votes) without the user leaving the feed.

Faucet

A faucet is a tool that gives small amounts of testnet tokens for free.

Fiat Currency

Government-issued money (USD, EUR, ZAR, etc.) used for deposits, withdrawals, or trading pairs on a CEX.

Fill-or-Kill (FOK) Order

An order that must be filled completely and immediately, or it is entirely canceled (no partial fills).

Flash Loan

A flash loan is an uncollateralized loan that must be borrowed and repaid within a single blockchain transaction. If the loan is not repaid by the end of the transaction, the entire transaction reverts as if nothing happened — making default impossible.

FOMO

FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out). The anxiety-driven urge to buy an asset because you fear missing rapid gains others are making.

Fork

A fork is a change or split in a blockchain’s protocol, rules, or software that alters how the network operates.

FUD

FUD (Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt) Deliberate or organic spread of negative news/rumors to create panic and drive prices down.

Funding Rate

The funding rate is a periodic payment exchanged between long and short positions in perpetual futures markets, designed to keep the perpetual's price tethered to the underlying spot price. When longs pay shorts the rate is positive; when shorts pay longs it is negative.

Futures Wallet

Dedicated wallet for margin, futures, and perpetual trading (isolated or cross).